Next presentation is called Algorithmic Solidarity, Can Colonialism Be Encoded into Algorithms? The artistic duo Eve consists of Zina and Nikolai. And maybe you know already the Russian search engine Yandex that became the source code of Yandex became public last year due to a leak. So both of them are showing us and dig into this source code. I'm really curious about what you are telling us. Also, you will have a workshop tomorrow here at 2. So have fun with this talk. Hi, everyone. Nice to be here with you. Hi everyone, nice to be here with you. Yeah, so we will start with a little file which we found. It is called conditions of war or conditions war. And here you might see or might not see that it's written conditions, tag, war or check for update according to the situation. And expression right now is set on zero, but by simply putting the zero to one, we can say that this condition will apply to the code. What exactly does it mean? We are inviting you to find out tomorrow as we are trying to gather the speculative or not really speculative but real community that will be dealing with these files. And about these conditions, we found it interesting and it was like the first moment that we decided that we want to really go and check what is inside of this leak. Maybe about the leak itself, that it was leaked in January 2023. The files themselves were copied in July 2022 by a former worker of the company called Yandex. Yandex is like a huge corporation, business corporation, that is connected to the Russian government, connected to a bunch of services, which include Yandex.disk, is kind of where you can store your data, and a lot of people are actually using it, maps, mails, internal services, some business-to-business applications, taxi delivery. So it's basically trying to grasp the whole territory to monopolize the services and to be like not only in Russia but also in other countries. For example, like the taxi is being used in a lot of cities and a lot of countries. For example, taxi operates in Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Israel, Serbia, Cyprus. In African countries, they're trying to establish business as well right now, and it's like another attempt to grasp other territories. So we were kind of very interested what could be inside of this leakage. The leakage is 44.71 gigabyte compressed. So when you decompress it, it's two times more. So basically it's like huge amounts of files. And we too cannot handle it. We need you. and for that our workshop is tomorrow, but today we will share some parts that we have found and some of our speculations so far that we were diving into and, you know, it's like endless work. And maybe another moment that we wanted to tell you is that what we found interesting that a lot of files are kind of before the situation has happened. So there is also a lot of test data, which is basically where we assume it was not implemented yet, but they were waiting for some political things to happen. For example, I think it's the end of the page. If you scroll down to the page. Yeah. Down to the page. Yeah, for example, here the file, so the line, we made this file, this website, and the file is called convert-ukr-donetskaya-mb. Yeah, as Tina mentioned, we made this simple HTML file called founddata.html and tried and this is our one of our attempts to systematize somehow these findings. Yeah, and talking about different file, one of the files we found, which is called converts.ukro.donetsk.mb and so that's somehow related to conversion. Ukro state for Ukraine, Donetsk is the part of Ukraine, this is like a district or how it's called, region. Yeah and and MB this belongs to version of basic programming language embedded into GIS software. Software intended to operate with geospatial data. Yeah and some of programmers, one of the programmers in this company has written some preparations for scenario for not only occupying the parts of for example Kiev region were not under occupation of Ukraine but the traces of these attempts to harmonize to unify division of the territory from the Russian point of view, still were in the code base. And for us, that is the moment where we can think about the figure of programmer not only as a neutral technical guy, but more like a soft power or power and violent figure who is staying near soldiers, occupants, and ruling the human lives there somehow. And this file is part of more like a representation system. I mean, maps service, like Google Maps or OpenStreetMap service. But at the same time, it has the layer of functionality. Not only representing some political vision, but inside of the code base, we found some traces of real working code that affected, for example, lives of taxi drivers or delivery workers on the territories that are somehow not there, already not belonging officially or de facto to one country, but officially not belonging to another country. And this constant rebordering on basis on algorithm somehow very vivid in this codebase which was leaked. Yeah, and maybe to prolong this arc about programmers and their difficulties during the working day, we can jump to sleep errors. Yeah. So some other findings were connected to this one here. Comments. So what was interesting interesting for us is to find kind of access of the thought, the programmer thought and what we were checking is comments as well, not only parts of the code, but how actually the code is commented and in one of the files we found this comment. If Russia country from Russia's point of view 001 contains Crimea and from Ukraine's point of view, UA does not contain Crimea, we built two variants of Russia. It means that this thing, country to recognition subjects contains Russia 001 UA, HashMap region subject set, build country to recognition subjects const. So basically when the programmer kind of needed to apply the political implement what has just happened because the annexation of Crimea was 2014. And like he or she, we don't know, decided to build two variants of Russia is not enough to copy or to make another step to this colonial or imperial procedure that Russia wanted to make in the real life. Yeah, and one can say that it's only one just particular case with Crimea and Russia and with difficulties how to program this changed political reality in technical system. What we found as well is some traces of internal service where we can put, we suppose, put coordinates, geographical coordinates, longitude and latitude and get the true or false, like is this territory disputed or not. And it's not only near Russian Federation borders, but more connected for as well. No? It's connected to Crimea, Kosovo, Cyprus, Abkhazia and Palestine. And it's also connected to Palestine-Israeli relations. And it's formulated there as a light country borders, somehow porous and somehow being contested and being redefined according to political situation of the current day. And the same is with, for some reason, this is the same with Turkey and with other countries where Yandex's corporation are going to what countries the company, it also means to extend this concept that are encoded such like disputed territories on this geography as well. I think we have a bit... How many? We did not follow the time. Maybe someone did. Two minutes, okay. First, then... And then maybe we can go to labor issues that are also encoded there. And it somehow prolongs this idea of the reason why the company has this code implemented there, because as Dina said, they have different services, among them taxi and analog of Amazon Mechanical Torques and some delivery and business-to-business applications. applications and for all of the servers to make some, to implement some level of certainty in decision making and risk management, I think. The company decided to implement a bunch of services that can curate the lives of people who are affected by business of this company. And it's the file is called penalties and here is written you